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| May 18–20, 2013 tornado outbreak ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
May 18–21, 2013 tornado outbreak
The May 18–21, 2013 tornado outbreak was a significant tornado outbreak that affected parts of the Midwestern United States and lower Great Plains. This event occurred just days after a deadly outbreak struck Texas and surrounding southern states on May 15. On May 16, a slow moving trough crossed the Rockies and traversed the western Great Plains. Initially, activity was limited to scattered severe storms; however, by May 18, the threat for organized severe thunderstorms and tornadoes greatly increased. A few tornadoes touched down that day in Kansas and Nebraska, including an EF4 near Rozel, Kansas. Maintaining its slow eastward movement, the system produced another round of severe weather nearby. Activity significantly increased on May 19, with tornadoes confirmed in Oklahoma, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, and Illinois. In Oklahoma, two strong tornadoes, one rated EF4, caused significant damage in rural areas of the eastern Oklahoma City metropolitan area; two people lost their lives near Shawnee. The most dramatic events unfolded on May 20 as a large EF5 tornado devastated parts of Moore, Oklahoma, killing 24 people. Thousands of structures were destroyed, with many being completely flattened. Several other tornadoes occurred during the day in areas further eastward, though the majority were weak and caused little damage.
The severe threat shifted towards damaging straight-line winds on May 21 as a large squall line developed across the southern states. Further north in Ontario, three tornadoes, including an EF2, touched down. Over the following five days, the system responsible for the outbreak moved very little across the Eastern United States. By May 24, it virtually stalled off the coast of New England, resulting in several days of heavy rain across the region. It later moved northeastward and was last noted by the Weather Prediction Center late on May 26 over southeastern Canada. During the storm's eleven-day trek across the United States, it produced at least 60 tornadoes, four of which were rated EF3 or higher. Over 1,000 reports of damaging winds were received by the Storm Prediction Center as well. The system's slow movement also resulted in record-breaking rainfall in North Dakota, New York and Vermont. Additionally, during the overnight of May 25–26, unusually cold air behind the cyclone resulting in record-late snowfall across northern New England.
Overall, severe weather associated with the storm was responsible for 30 fatalities (26 from tornadoes) and nearly 400 injuries in the United States. Additionally, damage was estimated to amount to $2–5 billion, making it one of the costliest severe weather events on record.〔
==Meteorological synopsis==
The cause of the outbreak was a large, slow-moving trough, an associated cold front, and several shortwave troughs that triggered severe weather from the Rockies eastward to New England and from Canada southward to the Gulf Coast of the United States. The system impacted the United States and Canada from May 16–26 and produced tornadoes on five of the eleven days. During this nearly two-week-long event, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) received 1,967 reports of severe weather: 101 for tornadoes, 1,176 for wind, and 690 for hail. It should be noted that some of these reports were associated with a separate system over the Southeastern United States on May 19–20.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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